The problem of water supply has been an Achilles heel of Kazakhstan. True, this country has rich natural resources, vast territory, and well-educated population. But, its water supply is deficient. A May 9, 2008, publication at www.struanstevenson.com/media/article/china_is_depriving_kazakhstan_of_water says that «during the last few years, the volume of water supply has been diminishing because of its increased use by neighbouring countries. The level of water supply in Kazakhstan is currently amongst the lowest in Central Asia”. Moreover, major Kazakh rivers, like Irtysh, Ili and Ural, have their headwaters abroad. Unfavorable geographical ...